French Education Minister Édouard Geffray announced the closures after tensions escalated during student demonstrations, with clashes reported between protesters and police.
Students have been protesting over concerns about the education system, teacher shortages and admission policies.
The protests initially began in the Paris region but have since spread to different parts of the country, with the situation becoming particularly tense in some areas.
The government said the decision to close the schools was taken as a precautionary measure to ensure the safety of students and staff amid the continuing unrest.